Fir, white

(Abies concolor)

Common Name(s): White fir

Scientific Name: Abies concolor

Distribution: Mountainous regions of western United States

Tree Size:  120-180 ft (37-55 m) tall,

                 4-6 ft (1.2-1.8 m) trunk diameter

Average Dried Weight: 26 lbs/ft3 (415 kg/m3)

Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): .37, .42

Janka Hardness:  480 lbf (2,140 N)

Modulus of Rupture:  9,700 lbf/in2 (66.9 MPa)

Elastic Modulus: 1,485,000 lbf/in2 (10.24 GPa)

Crushing Strength:  5,740 lbf/in2 (39.6 MPa)

Shrinkage: Radial: 3.3%, Tangential: 7.0%,

                  Volumetric: 9.8%, T/R Ratio: 2.1

Color/Appearance: Heartwood is usually white to reddish brown, with pale sapwood that isn’t clearly distinguished from the heartwood.

Grain/Texture: Grain is straight, with a uniform medium-coarse texture.

Rot Resistance: Rated as non-durable to perishable regarding decay resistance, with little resistance to insect attacks.

Workability:  Generally easy to work with both hand and machine tools, though some drying defects may be present or occur while drying the wood. Glues, stains, and finishes well.

Odor:  Generally has no odor, though some pieces may have an unpleasant scent when green.

Allergies/Toxicity: Although severe reactions are quite uncommon, fir in the Abies genushas been reported to cause skin irritation. See the articles Wood Allergies and Toxicityand Wood Dust Safetyfor more information.

Pricing/Availability:  White fir is used as construction lumber and is commonly grouped together with other species of fir and hemlock and sold under the more generic label “HEM-FIR.” Prices should be moderate for such utility lumber, though clear, quartersawn, or other such specialty cuts of fir lumber are likely to be more expensive.

Sustainability:  This wood species is not listed in the CITES Appendices, and is reported by the IUCN as being a species of least concern.

Common Uses: Construction lumber, paper (pulpwood), plywood, and other utility wood purposes.

Comments:  Fir is divided into different groupings, with the primary species in the western United States (including white fir) all belonging to the white fir group.

Many species of fir have excellent stiffness-to-weight ratios, especially white fir, which rivals other softwood species such as Sitka spruce (known for its combination of low density and relatively high modulus of elasticity).

Identification:

Resin canals: absent (traumatic resin canals occasionally present)

Tracheid diameter: medium-large

Earlywood to latewood transition:  gradual

Grain contrast: medium

Lookalikes/Substitutes:  Hemlock (Tsuga spp.)is difficult to differentiate from fir species: both have similar color, grain, and weight. Also, they both lack resin canals and have little to no discernible scent. Spruce (Picea spp.)and pine (Pinus spp.)are two similar-looking softwoods that can also be confused with fir. However, these two genera both feature resin canals(and pine has a distinct odor), which helps to separate them from fir.

Notes: Fir species can’t be reliably separated from each other on the basis of macroscopic anatomy. (There are slight differences between the various species in density, texture, and grain evenness, but none provide a consistent means for positive identification.)

White fir (endgrain 10x)

White fir (endgrain 1x)

None of the above content is our original work and all credit (and any errors or omissions) is due www.wood-database.com.
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